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Global Warming

The condition of the earth this time is totally changing. The climate condition that we are having right now is quite becoming more tough. One article stated that “the fingerprints of the people are all over the phenomenon, of what is the condition the nature is facing right now”. And we know that it is the truth. To save more of our time and to benefits more we are seeking things to help us in our way of dealing lives. I’m not saying that I’m not dealing with it but we must observe every corner of it if this will benefits the entire area or cycle of life.

Technology are created and presented for the purpose that man can live life in easiest and to it’s convenient way of dealing with it. From the time we wake up in the morning, it help the preparation of the food we eat, when ride vehicles to go to places we want to go, to our work places, in having our recreational activities, in socializing to the public, and many other activities where technology has been existed and involved. And technology is created for that purposes. And yes, we are enjoying it. us, humans are the one who’s received the profit of it. But as we enjoy our life with the most convenient way technology has to offer with us, do we consider the effects it might cause? Technology is very helpful, and that’s the fact we can’t deny but in the contrary because of depending our own ways of living through it, we somehow make it difficult to the nature the way we control it. And now due to the overusing it and highly depending on it our mother nature is now at risk. Due to that we experienced not normal weather condition, and it ends to global warming.

Global warming is the increase over time of the Earth's average surface temperature. In general, it works like this: the sun shines on the Earth. Most of those rays pass through the Earth's atmosphere, although some are reflected back into space. The planet's surface — either the land or water — absorbs the energy. Some of that heat energy is re-emitted and travels back up into the atmosphere (An ‘unequivocal’ truth, 2007).

In the situation right now, we can’t blame it to the technology alone; of course technology will not be constructed without the man’s curiosity in mind and its finding ways to discover things. It’s the man’s concern to the society. That’s why, one way or another it is “we”, ourselves, which is to blame about what is happening to our world right now.

Global warming exist because of the various act and behavior of human that is adding the climate change. As we notice the climate we have right now is continuously changing everyday, and it is becoming more risky. It exist because the people are not giving attention about their surroundings, there are various aspect which contributes global warming like for example there are air and water pollution which from the burning of plastics, or without proper disposal of garbage, or coming from the usage of vehicles, or coming from the factories which did not necessarily have a proper disposal of the chemicals they are using which they just throw it away in the river or sea. Continually cutting of trees from the forest which added more forest destruction and the atmosphere more heat and many others that we are not giving sometimes attention.

And there are several cause of the climate change we have right now, like, the “greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere can trap that heat on the way up, however, warming up the Earth's surface even more. The climate of the Earth has always been in flux, including periods of sustained warming and cooling, and greenhouse gases have played a role in those changes. Without naturally-occurring greenhouse gases, the Earth would be about 33 degrees Celsius colder than it is, a temperature hostile to human life. Carbon dioxide is by far the biggest contributor to global warming. The IPCC report's findings have shown global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide were 379 parts per million in 2005, far above the natural range of between 180 to 300 ppm over the past 65,000 years and significantly higher than in the pre-industrial era. And levels of the gas in the atmosphere have continued to rise in the past 15 years alone. The new analysis of the warming and cooling effects on the planet connects the rise in carbon dioxide to rising temperatures, with researchers saying with "very high confidence" that the net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming”. Also reported that sea levels will rise between 18 and 59 centimetres, a development that could be disastrous for island nations lying at low altitudes. The prediction could be even worse if the melting of polar ice sheets continues to accelerate.

Among the other predictions:
Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide will lead to increasing acidification of the ocean.

Warming is expected to be greatest over land and at high latitudes, with some models predicting rises of 10 degrees Celsius in the next 100 years in the Arctic.
Sea ice is expected to sink, with some projections predicting late-summer Arctic sea ice to disappear almost entirely in the latter part of the 21st century.
Hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation are highly likely to become more frequent.

Hurricanes are likely to become more intense, though there is less confidence in whether they will decrease in number.

Precipitation is very likely to move toward the poles, with an increase at higher latitudes and a decrease in subtropical regions (CBC News, 2007).
If the condition that we are facing right in this very moment will not be somehow cure the statement above about the melting of polar ice will continue and the earth will be filled with water that humans can no longer live earth. We can’t live long in water, somehow we will die. Also, the earth will become hotter that we can no longer stand. Today, we experience that the climate is extremely hot that it seems that our body is burning and even the umbrella we are using cannot give us satisfaction that will help lessen what we feel.

Since, it still may turn out that CO2 emissions are giving rise to substantial global warming and that is harmful. I think nothing very costly will be done unless and until actual harm is experienced. In that case, what can be done? From Avoiding Global Warming page, John McCarthy, 1995, here are some given steps or action to avoid the continue situation of our world. (a)Replace coal, oil and natural gas plants for generating electricity by nuclear plants. Replacing coal burning plants should get the highest priority, because they generate the most CO2 per unit of energy generated, and because their emissions cause substantial lung damage. (It is interesting that some the proposers of "carbon taxes", both in America and Europe, want to include nuclear energy as a target of the "carbon tax". There is clearly more on the agenda than global warming.) (b) Unfortunately, generating electricity without putting CO2 into the atmosphere probably wouldn't be enough if the global warming problem is serious. The next step is to use nuclear produced electricity for space heating and other direct uses of heat. (c) The most difficult step is to use electricity for automotive transportation. In spite of very vigorous research, batteries capable of giving electric cars reasonable range have not been developed, although there seems to be no law of nature making them impossible. (d) Another approach is to use hydrogen generated by splitting water with (say) nuclear electricity. Cars powered by liquid hydrogen have the potential of matching the performance of gasoline powered vehicles. The hydrogen tanks will need three times the internal volume of gasoline tanks and still greater external size because of the insulation required. BMW has demonstrated a liquid hydrogen powered internal combustion engine car. Schemes for using hydrogen in other forms than liquid are unlikely to have the required range. Some people seem to believe that using hydrogen gets more energy. It only provides a way of using nuclear or solar energy. Apart from its possible use to reduce global warming, hydrogen it likely to be the solution for personal transportation when petroleum runs short. (e) Rather than putting all the effort into reducing carbon emissions, it may be more cost-effective to put some effort into removing more CO2 from the atmosphere. Plants remove CO2, but only while they are growing. A climax forest may be in equilibrium; apparently the exact facts are not yet known.

What will surely work is to cut down forests, not burn the wood and replant the forests with fast growing trees. When these trees reach a size at which their growth slows, they would be cut again. Back in the carboniferous era, trees fell into swamps which evidently provided a reducing environment. The oxygen and hydrogen in the wood were re-emitted into the atmosphere, and the carbon became coal. This process will work for us too (to reduce CO2 (it takes too long to make coal) if it proves necessary. Canada and Siberia have large forest areas not being used for other purposes.

There are many simple things an individual can do to avoid global warming without a cost. Use Compact Fluorescent, replace 3 frequently used light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. It can save 300 lbs of carbon dioxide and $60 per year. Inflate Your Tiers, keep the tiers on your car adequately inflated. Change Your Air Filter, check your car’s air filter monthly. Fill the Dishwasher, run your dishwasher only with a full load. Use Recycled Paper, make sure your printer paper is 100% post consumer recycled paper. Adjust Your Thermostat, move your heater thermostat down two degrees in winter and up two degrees in the summer. Ditch the Plastic, start using a usable water bottle and just say no to plastic. Turn off your computer, shut off your computer when not in use. Conserve energy by using your computer’s sleep mode instead of a screen saver. Bring Cloth Bags to the Market, using your own bag instead of plastic or paper bags reduces waste and requires no additional energy. Buy Organic Food, the chemicals used in modern agriculture pollute the water supply, and require energy to produce. Air Dry Your Clothes, line-dry your clothes instead of using the dryer. It will save energy and environmental friendly. Unplug Un-used Electronics, when appliances is not in use don’t just stay plug and switch off. Even when electronic devices are turned off, they still use energy. Buy Products Locally, buy locally and reduce the amount of energy required to drive your products to your store. Transportation of the product from one place to another is not causing waste to energy alone; also it might cause air pollution, it is better to buy locally to lessen the carbon dioxide coming from the truck. Reduce Garbage, buy products with less packaging and recycle papers, plastics, and glasses that you might think will still be useful. Plant a Tree, trees suck up carbon dioxide and make clean air for us to breath. Replace old Appliances, inefficient appliances waste energy. Buy a Hybrid Car, it will help lessen carbon dioxide coming from the car and it will save to cost more money. Don’t Idle in Your Car, idling wastes money and gas, and generates pollution and global warming causing emissions. Except when in traffic, turn your engine off if you must wait for more than 30 seconds (Take Action, 2005).
This is situation is very alarming that we must give concern and focus on it. Even if it is coming from a simple way to a big one, still helping, it doesn’t count if it’s small or big. If it contribute to help lessen on what we feel right now, it will greatly contribute to help our world remain existing.
In what way are we going to do it? As a student I am not surely can do big things to help but we should have our ways in order to help for it.

(1) Using Solar Energy
An article in the Responding To Climate Change page stated that solar energy is gaining popularity as a modern, sustainable source of energy. And the solar electric world market applying solar energy is growing by 35% annually and the solar thermal or solar heating and cooling, the market is also benefiting from double digit growth rates. And it stated that solar energy will play a crucial role in the future energy supply. There are several policies that is encouraging from the European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) and the German Solar Industry Association (BSW) that will help the world when using the solar energy. It will help to avoid, combating climate change requires dramatic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions; fossil and nuclear fuels are finite and noticeably becoming scarce; and an affordable supply of fossil-based energy resources is becoming difficult to secure. That the only sustainable solution to these problems is to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RES). The sun sends more energy to the earth in one hour than the entire population of the world consumes in one year – not using this clean source of energy is unjustifiable. Having the renewable energy sources it may help us to, have unlimited availability; protect the climate by replacing fossil fuels; do not pose any security risks; are available in every country worldwide; support national and local economies and provide new jobs; reduce a country’s dependency on energy imports; increase energy supply security; support rural development due to their decentralized nature; and are the cheapest energy source in the long term; and are sustainable. and for having the new source of energy will soon replace a strongly growing share of fossil and nuclear power. Solar energy will play a major role as it is globally available, flexible in size and application and can fit into the needs of different countries.

(2) Prevent Pollution
Several alternatives is presented in the public from various concerned citizen who is willing to discover and construct more in order to help the situation of what our mother nature situation today. Pollution is one of the contributors why the earth put in this situation. Like using the energy coming from the sun (solar energy) or from the water. It will not cause pollution that will not contribute to make it worst for us.

Instead of using your car to go to the place that you think you can simply can have a walk to reach there why not do such thing. It will help to lessen the air pollution we are experiencing right now. And also, its good for your health it is somehow considered as a way of exercise that will help your body become healthy. You will not just help the earth, you will help your self too. You can gain both benefits.

(3) Conserve Natural Resources
Our forest is at risk, many plants are being cut due to human’s greedy attitude towards it. Plants are the biggest contributor of oxygen so that people can breath. And it is most important for human body if it will intake fresh air and not the polluted one. The plant will help intake the carbon dioxide that is around the environment to process it and make it oxygen as the source of life to human. If we can intake the polluted air, it will cause diseases to human’s body and they will get sick. To avoid that situation we must help our forest. We may plant trees or flowers in order to help our environment. Also, animals are being endangered. Animals help the cycle of the nature’s ecosystem. Without them the process will not be normal and it will affect the life cycle of the humans too. Nature is the primary source of life. It gives us air to breath. It provides us food to eat. It offers things that will help people in everyday living. We must protect it and help it nurture. It is for our own good.

(4) Recycle Junks
Stop wasting things that we think might be useful in the future. There are several tv shows which presented about recycling things and constructed it into new one that may help poor people as there way to gain money. They may sell it to the public to be used as decoration, or others that might be useful. Don’t just throw your drafted paper or paper that slightly use away, you might use it as scratch paper again in the future or it maybe use as fuel. It will burn pretty well (we use that at home). That will lessen to burden of trees from cutting them to make as paper. For me, now as an IT student I notice that I seldom use papers because of directly doing my assignments on the computer. Even though I made many mistake typing it down I don’t waste even a single sheet of paper. Maybe it might be a good one we have it. Also, if we have many plastic, cans, metals and even bottles, iron, newspaper in our house, it might be good to not to waste it and store it we can sell it, it can be recycled too. We save wasting it and on the other hand we gain profit from it. Not too bad right?

(5) Be environmental-friendly
Help save mother earth. Do things that not will cause harm and prevent damage to the earth we are living. As a simple citizen we may plant trees or plant flowers. It will help our house beautiful and help the world green. Use your appliances and energy wisely. Don’t throw your garbage anywhere, there are garbage bin provided for the waste material so it will not scatter everywhere and will not cause any distraction to nature. As a students help or join groups that their advocate is to help the environment is really a big help to the society. Adhere to there objectives and purposes, as what an old saying, ”Kabataan ang Pag-asa ng Bayan”. Our helping hand will strive something that will help the future for the better.
Technology really helps us. But we must take responsibility on where it might lead us. We must consider every side of our discovery. Our mother earth really need help, even though we can’t do big things for it simple thing is good and accountable enough. It is not just for the sake of everybody, it is also for our own.

REFERENCES:

http://www.hinduonnet.com/2007/10/15/stories/2007101568030400.htm
http://www.markvernon.com/friendshiponline/dotclear/index.php?2006/11/16/423-inside-story-climate-change
http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?is=0230007546
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/climatechange/unreport-2007.html
http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/climate_action_team/reports/2007-04-20_CAT_REPORT.PDF
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/may/04/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment
http://www.rcwo.com/globwarm/index.html

"Trust in E-commerce"

Trust is a charged of duty imposed in faith or confidence as one of the aspect in a relationship. It is a credit held to an individual to the person he/she in trusted about something. It is one of the ingredients to stay a relationship strong and without any doubt to someone he/she given some trust.

In terms about e-commerce online between the seller and the buyer, Trust is a major challenge to the consumer acceptance of e-commerce: the lack of trust is an important reason for the hesitant growth in e-commerce and for the reluctance of consumers to engage in online buying transactions. Communicating trustworthiness is therefore a major challenge company’s encounter (Consume Trust in E-Commerce, Zum Inhalt, 2007).

Trust is a concept everybody understands at some personal level, but most people will have trouble enunciating a specific definition of the concept. Some people will have strict measures they use to evaluate their level of trust in a person or company, while others rely on a more subjective "feel" for determining whether to trust somebody.

Just as every person has his or her own way of deciding issues of trust, every role a person plays will also have its own understanding of trust based on the specific goals and priorities of that role. Empathy is great for times that call for compassion and care, but in matters of trust it can be hard to see things from another's point of view. When you walk into a store that you have patronized for years, you have a level or trust about handing over your money in exchange for goods; the merchant may approach this transaction with an entirely different level of anxiety about your ability to pay -- maybe a new employee is ringing you up -- or your ownership of the credit card you proffer. Trust means different things to different people, to different roles, and in different scenarios (Derek Sisson,2000).

(Derek Sisson,2000)gives the cues a user may look for while evaluating trustworthiness in a commerce site:

(1) Is the site professional?
Have the designers taken care to create a coherent interface, or is the site the apparent product of somebody learning how to code HTML? Does the site have typos, grammatical errors, useless animation, or any of a slew of other problems that indicate that the designers or implementers don't know what they are doing? If they can't design a good site, why expect them to be able to handle commerce transactions and fulfillment? Personally, I won't deal with any site that uses the Comic Sans font face because it shouts "built by an amateur" to me.

(2) Does the information architecture make sense?
If the organization of information doesn't appear to have been carefully designed, why expect the site designers to have thought much about fulfillment and payment systems?

(3) Is the site easy to navigate?
Can I find the product I want to buy? Is it easy for me to browser the site looking for interesting things I might want to buy? If the designers can't make the site easy enough to navigate around, why would I trust them to have made a backend that works?

(4) Is the site easy to use?
Can I access and use the site and its offered functionality? Can I search, browse, and purchase from the site? If I can't, because of my browser and preferred browser configuration, then the site designers are telling me that they don't want my business.

(5) Are my questions answered?
If I'm concerned about security or privacy, can I find information that addresses these concerns without having to email a faceless answer-bot? If the designers didn't think about my possible needs before I made my purchase, why expect them to handle my needs after they have my money?

(6) Do other people trust this site?
What's the word about this site? Have customers received their orders correctly?

(7) Am I familiar with this company?
Have I had good experiences with this company before, on or off the web?
Are the prices reasonable?
Is the price realistic or just too cheap? Will they hit me with an outrageous shipping charge to balance the low price?

Trust is based on experience over time; it can either strengthen or weaken. The process of trust begins when one perceives indications that an online company maybe trustworthy. These indications are known as "forms"(Cheskin, 1999). Manners, professionalism, and sensitivity are examples of these indications. Once the forms representing trustworthiness are strengthened over time, they are transformed into "character traits". These traits include dependability, honesty, and reliability. Once an online company possesses the "character", one will be more likely to purchase items from them. The experience over time is very important in a commercial relationship(Cheskin, 1999).

It really has a big difference between e-commerce transactions online than e-commerce transactions in the traditional way. Transaction online has a lot of risk, because it is lack of physical interaction between the producer and the consumer. The buyer may not physically seen the product he/she is trying to buy, he/she did not know it the company will follow the stated laws and regulation given, is their product will be delivered to them as it is expected. There are a lot questions that maybe running into a buyers mind. While in the traditional way they can talk and communicate with the producer personally, they can observe the product and test it the things they want to buy if its good, it works properly, or they can have it without any hesitation.

In satisfying people in the issue of internet security and privacy trust must be first addressed. Building trust is the most important step in e-commerce. And there are six types of forms for e-commerce trust given by Fred Lee, Trust and E-Commerce. The first one is seals of approval. Symbols of security, such as MasterCard, reassure that proper security measures have been put into place. Second, the brand. The credibility of the online company based on reputation, the promise to deliver certain criteria and a person’s previous experience dealing with the company. Third, its navigation. The ease of finding what you want. Fourth, fulfillment, clear explanations of how orders are processed and what to do if there are any problems. Fifth, presentation, the design of the site must present professionalism and quality. And lastly, sixth, the technology. The site uses new technology to indicate professionalism.

And the three of those forms are the key to e-commerce trust. Navigation, the ease of finding information, is the key form needed for e-commerce trust. A well-known brand and fulfillment are the other two forms involved in e-commerce trust. Navigation must be associated with one or both of the other forms in order for an online business to be consider trustworthy. Strong navigation increases a user’s perception that a web site will meet a user’s needs. For online businesses with lesser-known or newer brands, navigation and fulfillment are key to gaining e-commerce trust. These businesses must have sites with strong navigation and strong fulfillment in order to compete with the well-known brands. As navigation and fulfillment improve, so does e-commerce trust. Also, the most trusted companies were the companies that were well-known and most familiar. The least trusted companies were companies that were lesser-known(Cheskin, 1999). For example, Borders and Amazon.com were the most trustworthy bookseller sites over Barnes and Noble and Books.com. Another example involves video sites: more people would trust Blockbuster Video over Reel.com. Overall, the companies that have "real-world" stores tend to be more trusted than web-based companies. However, some web-based companies, such as Amazon.com, are gaining more appeal than "real-world" stores. Consequently, well-known web-based companies possess the power to operate in the real world (Cheskin, 1999).However, users are more familiar with security techniques, such as "cookies" and "encryption", than the specific security company. These security companies may gain more credibility if they were to associate themselves more with security techniques, such as motto or logo design. And with trust the most considerable thing so that companies can be trusted by their customers are the following: one, a clearly stated return policy, relates to fulfillment. Second, stated and authenticated policies of security and encryption, relates to seals of approval. Third, Ability to withdraw from a transaction, relates to fulfillment. And lastly, the fourth one, Efficient and easy navigation (Trust and E-commerce, Fred Lee).

(Consumer Trust In E-Commerce Web Sites Alarmingly Low, Consumer Reports WebWatch Research Find,2002)"As consumers settle into the realities of a world where the Internet has changed many aspects of how they live their lives, they are starting to question more and more how much they should trust Web content," said Beau Brendler, director of Consumer Reports WebWatch. "Using the Web should not be a game of 20 questions. Consumer Reports WebWatch will encourage sites to be more transparent about the financial interests behind the content they publish, and provide tools to help consumers feel more confident about using the Web."

In concert with those findings, Consumer Reports WebWatch will promote a core set of guidelines for Web sites to help improve the credibility of online information. The guidelines come from this survey research, and as a result of extensive review by Consumer Reports WebWatch's diverse advisory board.
The guidelines and research findings can be accessed at the project's Web site, www.consumerwebwatch.org, which launched officially today.

Consumer Reports WebWatch believes Web sites will promote Web credibility if they adopt these basic policies:

1. Identity. Web sites should clearly disclose the physical location where they are produced, including an address, a telephone number or e-mail address. Sites should clearly disclose their ownership, private or public, naming their parent company. Sites should clearly disclose their purpose and mission.

2. Advertising and Sponsorships. Sites should clearly distinguish advertising from news and information, using labels or other visual means. This includes "in-house" advertising or cross-corporate ad sponsorships. Search engines, shopping tools and portals should clearly disclose paid result-placement advertising, so consumers may distinguish between objective search results and paid ads. Sites should clearly disclose relevant business relationships, including sponsored links to other sites. For example: A site that directs a reader to another site to buy a book should clearly disclose any financial relationship between the two sites. Sites should identify sponsors. The site's sponsorship policies should be clearly noted in accompanying text or on an "About Us" or "Site Center" page.

3. Customer Service. Sites engaged in consumer transactions should clearly disclose relevant financial relationships with other sites, particularly when these relationships affect the cost to a consumer. Sites should clearly disclose all fees charged, including service, transaction and handling fees, and shipping costs. This information should be disclosed before the ordering process begins. Sites should clearly state and enforce policies for returning unwanted items or canceling transactions or reservations.

4. Corrections. Sites should diligently seek to correct false, misleading or incorrect information. Sites should prominently display a page or section of the site where incorrect information is corrected or clarified. Sites should strive to mark content with its published date when failing to do so could mislead consumers. Sites should clearly state their policy on a consumer's rights if a purchase is made based on incorrect information on the site.

5. Privacy. Site privacy policies should be easy to find and clearly, simply stated. Sites should clearly disclose how personal data from site visitors and customers will be used. Personal data includes name, address, phone number and credit card number. Sites should disclose whether they use browser-tracking mechanisms such as "cookies," and other technologies such as Web beacons, bugs and robots. Sites should explain how data collected from them will be used. Sites should notify customers of changes to privacy policies and provide an easy opt-out alternative.
Trust must be acquired from both consumer and producer. Not just by producer alone, or not just by consumer alone. Both should build such factor in their own ways on how to deal with it. even though its so hard to gained sometimes but each individual must be patient in doing such to reach the things they want.

REFERENCES:

http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-3014-2.htm
http://www.philosophe.com/commerce/trust.html
http://www.consumerwebwatch.org/dynamic/press-release-trust-in-ecom.cfm
http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/soc/courses/soc4jj3_99/stuweb/gp6/g6-E-commerce%20and%20trust.html
http://www.consumerwebwatch.org/dynamic/press-release-trust-in-ecom.cf

Legislation for E-Commerce

Every now and then people interact to things not just to socialize but to gain profits. And we can’t deny the fact that there are various ways to find money and buy things now that is more convenient without spending so much of your money, effort, and time strolling around from one market to another market to look and find for stuff or things that you want. Interaction between one people to another; accessing of information from the books, journals, magazines; and even buying goods and heading for services can be done by the most convenient machines technology brought up for called computer. Which gives all the information you like, it can be a library, a store, a place for meeting and socializing friends, or it can be an entertainment room.

Well, because of the rapid changes and innovation of technology there is a tool that has brought into life to be used in the business world. In making several transactions like paying, buying, delivering, purchasing, supplying and many others of goods and services all around the globe, and because of that situation e-commerce exist. E-commerce is the exchange of information and transactions using any form of electronic communication. E-commerce is not just for business but we can count also the normal way of living life. The area of business now is huge and spreading widely and from the natural way of buying and selling goods and services and from the natural way of interacting between buyers and consumers to the modern ways of transaction and interaction of the buyer and consumer in the market. Of course transaction online involves a lot of money and every single action or thing is abide by law, online businesses and transactions also have policy and rules also to consider like the offline world. Because selling and buying online is more risky than selling and buying it personally in the market because the action you have to take can be broadcast so to make it sure that it’s safe it must be put up with some regulations or law to become legal and decent.

Buying online or online shopping is easy and faster, you can communicate from one people to the others through various sites in the internet. To know more about the product, and to know more about the company who’s into. It reduces cost of information in just a click away you can collect as many information as you want instead of buying magazines to inform the legality and the name of the company and products. Buying online has its convenience because you can shop what you want from books, foods, clothes, cars and many more. You can pay your bill, or manage your finances through online. You can even try to find work and do your job in the convenient of your home.

But of course there are some problems that will arise and that we can’t control even for the convenient it takes. In sending and receiving mails or messages, you can also receive messages called spam or even viruses coming from someone anonymous to you. The other thing is that the important information that you sent can be used by other people. You maybe hacked by someone. When in terms of the product you can see the images that it is good but how about the other factor you must consider? You can really sure of the quality of the product. That’s why if you want to be make sure you are in the good track. Be sure to clarify all the possible information that will be hold that the company who introduced such product is legal and existing many years now. Also, are they following certain rules and regulation that the government wants to be implemented in every transaction to be made.

One of the most important factors in this kind of business is trust, the trust of the consumer to the producer and the trust of the producer to the consumer. If the company or enterprise made some regulation like of course both parties should have all the information they needed in order to know the company and in order to know the client if the client give the information needed for that particular company the company should be accountable of it that the company will leave all the information one a client from the others. If the company will not commit the rules they made they can’t gain trust to there clients. Privacy and security of information are the most spread out issue when it comes to online activities. Be sure that the company used to have such thing.

Since one’s privacy is very important some legalization has been mandated in order to protect the owner of the information and to protect the clients’ intellectual property from the intruders who wants to take the property of others.

There is an article I had read that the Philippine Congress enacted the Electronic Commerce Act in 2000. This law came out, which provides the legal framework for e-commerce, it gives documents and signatures transmitted electronically the same legally binding effect or legal protection as paper-based documents. Such electronic transactions would also be admissible as evidence in legal disputes. The Electronic Commerce Act also mandates the computerization of government offices that issue permits, licenses and other documents. It aims to reduce government red tape by requiring all government agencies to switch from paper-based to electronic documents in government transactions. Government agencies have moved gradually (though slowly) towards computerization in the last five years. The law also prescribes three years imprisonment and a fine of P100,000 for computer hacking, but it does not cover such areas as taxation, the jurisdiction of disputes or intellectual property. The Philippine government signed the e-ASEAN Framework Agreement in 2000. The agreement binds the ten members of the Association of South-East Asian Nations to harmonize regulatory frameworks and infrastructure for e-commerce. It aims to create high-speed regional Internet connections and eliminate duties on computer products and services by 2010.

Also, there is a law that is mandated to e-commerce in terms of the taxation which is released by the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) for the public comments a draft of regulation which is imposing the value added tax and income tax to every transaction that has been taken in e-commerce. Which the information about the law is focusing on the products in the internet like music, computer software, graphic program, books, film or databases, that will held as intangible personal property. That if the person will download from a site of foreign one such the action that will be going to take, the client will pay and it is accompany by a VAT. It says that, “the tax paid and withheld would be treated as the withholding agent’s cost or expenditure for income tax purposes”.

Downloading materials now and downloading products and sites are many and now we can download videos, books, and music that we want not costly and for free. We can now freely surf it over numerous sites provided by us.

An article coming from Kenya which providing law that affects e-commerce and online transaction in their country that includes: Electronic transaction bill, ICT bill, and freedom of information bill. This was established to help the economic growth in their society. They believe that investing and supporting the e-commerce community will contribute and greatly help for their development and to promote innovation and open market. Technology now it strong, influential and brings up countless opportunity. Implementing the legislation is needed to legalize e-commerce transactions by recognizing an electronic signature, manage and control e-commerce risk, and remove e-commerce barriers. Since online shopping is risky than usual way its application in the public will make them most secure in the information they provided and also to reduce the problems that will occur online. The information and communication bill, 2008 and electronic transactions bill, 2007 were develop to improve the transaction being held online. And also to improve the quality of the bills and provide: provision on who can prosecute is missing; liability of internet service providers must be demarcated; clarification in which commercial documents are excluded from proposed legislation; eliminate any ambiguity on abmissibility of electronic evidence; need for data protection and privacy provision, this is the primary issue when it comes to the virtual world, the capacity of the data that can be secured and be remain private, we are not 100 percent sure if the data and information we provided are secured; the bills are more lenient on e-commerce fraud than on traditional fraud, in the cyber space ‘stealing’ is more prone and we don’t really know that the existence of some sites are true or just a spoofed to intrude others privacy ; remove inconsistencies in determining crimes and punishments; provision for the inclusions of cyber-crime within the scope of extradition act; and creation of an Administrator for e-commerce laws whose functions will be policy implementation and advisory, as a multi-sectoral body with industry associations. Those are the several issues which legislation are provided and implemented in one’s community.

Having a regulation and implementing the policy provided by the highest authority or by the government is really important. This will somehow use to regulate, to authorize us to our private life, to provide (in terms of financial), to declare, to sanction, to grant, or to restrict someone who have no authority within this matter. The rules and policy are established and mandated so that we are guaranteed safe and secure from the indigenous people or groups, not only an individual person. We have all the right in terms of our own property we must observe things, and practice to be wise in terms of it. We have the right to maintain, to protect manifestation from our own. Having all the possible legislation presented will help and benefited by the large numbers of consumers who are more convenient and following trend of the society this time, the business area, and the people like small-holder farmers, tourism operators, small scale industry and service providers in almost any business sector all over the world, business sectors who are trying to get the trust of their clients and serve high quality product.

Those guidelines being presented and provided will help ensure the consumer who are using e-commerce that state regulations of online legal services clearly focus on protecting consumers from convenient and low cost competition in routine legal matters. The online legal services industry should quickly establish a self-regulatory code of conduct explaining what online law can and cannot supply, but the bar itself should tread lightly where consumers are adequately informed about what they are buying from whom. The government, the decision they made, the law they made is not just about ensuring that laws are enacted by democratically elected representatives. All those are made to ensure that the public in general who are interacting such matters is given reasonable opportunities to contribute. Regulation of content, protection of intellectual property and consumer protection will be difficult to maintain for a government inexperienced in Internet matters. Authorities will probably become more sophisticated in regulating the Internet as they use it more often. The process whereby laws are prepared is as important as their content, it undergo different actions and perceptions, the higher authority spend time, effort, money to such law to be implemented because a more open, transparent and participatory process increases the likelihood that new laws will be will received, accepted, and properly implemented. All law existing is derived for the benefits of the public.

Although we have doubt on the several issues we encountered and heard. We should all welcome the online law provided for us it is for our own supervision, it will provide legal services cheaper, more convenient in a way, less confusing on the numerous problem arises, and it is better designed to replace fear and anger towards the law with trust and confidence.

But as the e-commerce activity are bound to be spreading, we should prepare for the big responsibility that will come to place because as it continue to spread out it become more and more complicated.

References:

http://www.legislation-and-regulation-for-e.html
http://www.ecommerce_legislation_taxation.htm
http://www.ecomassignment/legislationline.org.htm
http://www.ecomassignment/ndol_ci.cfm.htm

Relate significant events in society to innovations in technology.

Technology where designated to sustain a better life today and mostly in the future. The existences of technology were become massive and as it exists it is very influential that it becomes unstoppable. Before people constructed technology and new innovation has preceded, the background knowledge of people has enabled to create and build new things. Innovations of technology are products of people’s desire in life, growth of economy, needs of the society, and a part of people’s way of living life and also they are develop for military purposes. The productions of technology greatly affect the society in any means like the culture, the tradition, or even the moral ways of an individual.

The development of human society in terms of modernization is pleading. From the time where people dealing with the social evolution from stone age, then followed by iron age, then ancient civilization where the growth of technology where begun adopted as new ways of living and up to this century where many things where constructed and exist. It is rapidly increasing in any area like communication, transportation, agriculture, in civil engineering, computing , in the field of energy, medicine, science, nuclear technology, and also, in the military technology.
Over the past decade until now, agriculture is the very important area in human life and it played a role in the continuous development of human civilization, from the natural way of planting, harvesting, and maintenance of the plants and crops to the modern way of doing those things. There are many ways to maintain and to take care of the plants and crops, the introduction of the machines which may help for harvesting which make the farmers do their job easily, it will help lessen the back-breaking work the farmers undergo before, the technology chemicals like the fertilizers and pesticides to maintain the freshness and to control the pest that may ruin the plants. But somehow we should use it in the proper way; sometimes those chemicals are used to bear fruits even not in their seasonal period. For me, it is not good the proper way of processing and bearing fruit is not that good. Natural ways taste better than with chemicals.

What’s more? The most significant events in innovation of technology, in communication and in computing, are the following: the telephones or the mobile phones, the internet, the World Wide Web and the computers where a part of it. The society named the mobile phones as the ‘always the best way of communication’. And we can’t deny the fact that it is really true. Mobile phones where convenient to use, you can bring it anywhere; you can reach people everywhere, at any given time or place. It can entertain you because it has game console, you can play and watch videos, personalize playlist for your favorite songs, you can socialize people, and it has a lot of features like you can use it in phone calls, text messaging, or chat. The other feature is you can use it as a camera. Also, we have computers which are very helpful in any field, in the area of education, it is really has a place which give students more information and knowledge. In our part, as a student taking the degree like BSIT or BSCS, computer is the primary materials we used to aid us. Computer accompany by the internet which help students in their assignments, or projects, and researches. In the world of business, it help more companies to easily communicate from one parties to another, it help their employee to easy do their work, work to improve the quality of the companies product and services.

Furthermore, in transportation, from the land, the water or the sky, transportation technology is one of the important things in human life. Automobile nowadays is very convenient and some are luxurious. The production is very high and the component where totally well-appointed. From using animals like horse in transportation before into large machines now. The means of transportation now also become huge from small automobiles like motorcycle, car, to the big ones like bus, van, train, ship, and airplanes. You can easily go into places and tour. But automobiles where propelled by gasoline and fuels which contribute the air pollution and it is the one who blamed as contributor to climate change and global warming which someday people where developing and thinking of technologies using water, electricity as replacement of the gasoline that will help the air pollution we encounter today.

The other events where brisk of innovation of technology is in the military area which includes the nuclear technology, air craft, and many others that contribute the existence of it. Loads of machines and devices are created to be used in this area. Also loads of money exists for it. But today, nuclear weapons threaten the survival of life on earth. Right this minute, thousands of nuclear missiles, with firing crews at the ready, are pointing at population centers. How have earthly rulers been “found deficient” with regard to world developments? But, the nations keep spending more and more on armaments. The cost has now risen to about a trillion dollars (U.S.) a year! One source notes that the world spends about 50 times as much money on each soldier as it does on each school-age child. Consider, too, a United Nations report that shows that at least 450 million people throughout the world are hungry, and their numbers are growing. Another report states that “every year 30 to 40 million people starve to death” in underdeveloped lands. It says, too, that about half of those dying are children under the age of five. In view of all of this, an editor wrote in a Cleveland newspaper: “If visitors arrived next week from some distant galaxy, could we tell them we had to kill ourselves in order to establish the superiority of communism or capitalism? Could we explain that we were a species that divided itself into nations, and that those nations were sworn to murder each other in periodic orgies of blood lust? How would we explain that we let some of our species starve and others wallow in degradation and ignorance because the invention of mass death had a greater priority for us? The visitors from that distant galaxy would certainly describe us back home as barbarians. . . . We might protest that we also made great art and believed in justice. They would smile sadly and leave before the explosions.”

In the area of medicine, many existing technology also are introduced that will help people extend and enjoy life. There are thousands of antibiotics, or multivitamins which help to become fat if your obeys if you can afford to expensive treatment there are more that can turn into figure you wants; anti-aging, to look more young; to become taller, if you’re not consistent about your height; to lessen the sugar, cholesterol you have and many others that threatening your lives. Couples that can’t bear child on their own, science can make it possible. Blood transfusion has already an alternative, instead of using blood, there are several liquids use in order to maintain and make use the alternate the blood that has been gone. One of the article I read under the heading of “‘Bloodless’ Surgery,” a man named Maclean’s that the magazine reported that doctors across Canada have been “developing new techniques that, over the past five years, have turned so-called bloodless surgery into a major medical trend.” Brian Muirhead, an anesthesiologist at Winnipeg’s Health Sciences Centre, is one of them. He made an alternative of blood a liquid that can be used ad blood. In 1986, Dr. Muirhead took on the challenge of operating on a 70-year-old man with a bleeding ulcer who had asked for treatment that did not require a blood transfusion. Dr. Muirhead “resorted to a little-used method of pumping saline solution into the patient to keep his blood pressure up,” reported in the article. “The procedure was a success, and it reinforced Muirhead’s growing belief that ‘we were giving too many blood transfusions. I thought it was time to look at alternatives.’” Science is really a mysterious area of them all, the technology produced by this area contributed a lot in terms of health and human lives. It really amazing what the world brought onto us.

Those things are what the intelligence and curiosity of people was made. Because of their interest of what life can do more and try to discover more. Because of the people’s needs and wants also, all those things are constructed and created. It really plays an important role in our life, in our everyday living. Of course those are put up because of the benefits people well owe. And the society now can’t picture out there selves when technologies was not created (even myself can’t picture out things without technology).

Our community today are fully embracing it and afraid to lose it. That’s why people now are depending on it. Even though it plays a very important role in human life somehow it gives effect that may cause life at risk. As what they say if something offers benefits on the contrary it also deals with effects. Like the automobile technology, as I stated above it can cause and contribute to global warming which one of the situation to nature today. Well, we benefits a lot from it, we can’t maybe live without it cause it plays a big role today but maybe somehow we must not ignore the things that some people where trying to manufacture to lessen it. We must give them some time of our attention and try to adopt it. The distraction of nature is held on us, we are accountable to it since we, people, who are the most powerful in this world, who have the control of it may take our responsibility considering the things around us.